10.2Industry

Freight Brokerage

Freight brokers, customs brokers, digital freight platforms, and international freight forwarders connecting shippers with carriers.

6
Segments
24
Verticals

Overview

Freight Brokerage covers the intermediaries who match shippers with carriers and arrange freight transportation without owning the trucks, ships, or planes — domestic truckload and LTL brokerage, international freight forwarding, customs brokerage, and ocean/NVOCC services. At roughly $135 billion across ~22,000 establishments, it is an asset-light, relationship- and technology-driven business sitting between shippers and capacity.

Revenue is highly cyclical with freight rates: the ~16% growth reflects the 2021–22 freight boom (when supply-chain disruption sent rates soaring), which was followed by a severe 2023–24 freight recession that hit brokerage hard. The domestic truckload-brokerage market is large and fragmented (C.H. Robinson the leader at well under 20% share), and the sector is being reshaped by digital freight platforms and automation — though Convoy's 2023 collapse showed the model's challenges. International forwarding is consolidated around global players.

Market snapshot

Market size
~$135B
Growth
~15.8%CAGR (2017–22, nominal)
Companies
~15,852 firms
Firms by employee count

86.8% of firms have fewer than 20 employees: 13,754 micro-businesses, below most mandates.

The investable universe2,098 firms with 20+ employees
20–99
1,43368%
100–499
40419%
500+
26112%

The fastest-growing logistics segment measured here, and the one most exposed to the freight cycle: brokers earn a spread between what a shipper pays and what a carrier accepts, and that spread widens exactly when capacity is short. 2022 was the peak of the widest spread in a generation — treat the level as a cycle high, not a run rate.

NAICS 488510. U.S. Census Bureau — 2022 Statistics of U.S. Businesses; U.S. Census Bureau — 2022 Economic Census.

Business model & economics

Revenue model

Brokerage margin (spread between shipper and carrier rates)

Key economics

Revenue per firm
$8,509,857
Revenue per employee
$380,114
Employees per firm
20.4
Recurring revenue
Moderate

recurring shipper relationships; spot exposure

EBITDA margin
Asset-light margin; cyclical with freight rates
Capex intensity
Low

Characteristics

  • Scale-driven — payroll is only 19% of revenue; the cost base is assets, not headcount
  • Deep strategic-buyer pool — 261 firms exceed 500 employees, so a scaled asset has trade buyers
  • Asset-light matching of shippers and carriers.
  • Highly cyclical (2021–22 boom, 2023–24 recession).
  • Digital platforms reshaping it (with notable failures).

NAICS 488510. U.S. Census Bureau — 2022 Statistics of U.S. Businesses; U.S. Census Bureau — 2022 Economic Census.

Geographic concentration

AlabamaAlaskaArizonaColoradoGeorgiaIndianaKansasMaineMassachusettsMinnesotaNew JerseyNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOklahomaPennsylvaniaSouth DakotaWyomingConnecticutMissouriWest VirginiaNew MexicoArkansasCaliforniaDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaHawaiiIowaKentuckyMarylandMichiganMississippiMontanaNew HampshireNew YorkOhioOregonTennesseeUtahVirginiaWashingtonWisconsinNebraskaSouth CarolinaIdahoNevadaVermontLouisianaRhode IslandFloridaTexasIllinois

Texas, Illinois and Florida. Brokerage clusters at the freight crossroads — Chicago's rail and highway interchange, the Texas border and port complex, and Florida's import gateways.

TexasIllinoisFlorida

U.S. Census Bureau — 2022 Statistics of U.S. Businesses (firms by state), NAICS 488510. Concentration shown by location quotient.

M&A deal context

Deal activityHigh

Who’s acquiring

  • Brokerage majors (C.H. Robinson et al.)
  • Digital-freight & logistics platforms
  • PE-backed brokerage consolidators

What’s driving deals

  • Brokerage roll-ups and freight-recession consolidation.
  • Digital-freight and automation disruption.
  • Asset-light scale and shipper relationships.

Segments in this industry

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